Uganda is at a critical crossroads where climate change and energy poverty intersect, threatening the health and livelihoods of millions. With over 90% of households relying on traditional biomass fuels like firewood and charcoal for cooking, the country faces escalating deforestation, worsening air pollution and serious health risks especially for women and children. Amid increasing floods and droughts, the urgent need to transition to clean energy solutions has never been clearer.
The country is already experiencing the severe impacts of extreme weather, with flooding displacing thousands and damaging crops and infrastructure. These climate shocks exacerbate Uganda’s reliance on outdated energy sources that fuel deforestation and poor air quality. Rural communities bear the brunt of these impacts, as they rely heavily on traditional biomass fuels like firewood and charcoal, which contribute to environmental degradation and pose serious health risks
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 3.8 million people die each year due to illnesses caused by indoor air pollution from traditional cooking fuels. Despite efforts to modernize the energy sector, access remains limited. The Uganda Energy Transition Plan 2023 notes that sustainable energy solutions have not been adequately prioritized. Over 90% of the population still depends on biomass, and nearly 66% of Ugandans are considered energy poor. Bridging this energy gap is essential not only to address climate change and protect health but also to drive economic growth. This transformation requires bold investment and strong partnerships across government, the private sector, and civil society to ensure rapid and effective implementation.
Uganda has set an ambitious target to achieve universal access to clean cooking solutions by 2040. Achieving this goal demands significant investment in clean energy technologies. Sustainable energy technologies such as solar-powered cookers and electric pressure cookers offer viable alternatives that can significantly reduce carbon emissions and indoor air pollution. Additionally, locally produced briquettes made from agricultural waste provide an affordable and eco-friendly cooking fuel option for rural households, helping to reduce pressure on forests while improving energy access.
The renewable energy sector can generate jobs in manufacturing, installation and maintenance. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the global renewable energy sector could create 85 million jobs by 2030. For Uganda, this means building a green workforce and revitalizing rural economies. Moreover, clean energy investments reduce reliance on expensive fossil fuel imports, improving national energy security and long-term economic resilience.
Transitioning to clean energy is not just an environmental necessity for Uganda, it is a strategic investment in the nation’s health, economy and future resilience. By embracing clean cooking technologies and sustainable energy solutions, Uganda can reduce harmful pollution, create new job opportunities and strengthen its fight against climate change. The sooner we act, the better chance Uganda has at building a brighter, healthier future for everyone.
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